Incidence and Association of HPV16 and 18 with Various Risk Factors in Cervical Cancer Patients in Population of Haryana Region, India

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most leading malignancy in women with the highest mortality rates in most of the countries and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18 confer a greater risk of having cervical cancer than other genotypes. Aim: To assess the incidence of high risk type HPV 16 and 18 infections in cervical cancer patients and to study their association with various risk factors in females of Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: In present study, total 110 cervical cancer samples were collected from PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India. These samples were screened to confirm the presence of HPV infection by using degenerate primers for L1 open reading frame of HPV genome. Samples found positive for HPV infection were further studied by type-specific PCR for HPV 16 and 18. Statistical analysis were performed by using Medicalc software version 18.9. Odd ratio (95% confidence interval) was calculated to study association of sociodemographic and histopathological grades with HPV type specific infections. Results: Out of 110 samples, 107 (97.27%) were recorded positive for HPV DNA. A total of 90 (84.11%) and 78 (72.89%) patients were found infected with HPV 16 and 18 respectively. Risk factors like elder age, age at marriage, post menopause and poor genital hygiene were found to be significantly associated (p≤0.05) with HPV 18 infection and rural background showed significant association with HPV 16 infection in cervical cancer (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that HPV 16 and 18 infections are highly prevalent in the cervical cancer patients of Haryana. These results will be useful in establishing the future guidelines for reducing risk of cervical cancer with the help of screening programs and by providing proper vaccines targeting HPV16 and 18.

Keywords

• awareness
• human papillomavirus 16 and 18
• screening
• sociodemographic and histopathological factors