Bleeding after tooth extraction and measures for its control in patients treated with antiplatelet agents

Abstract

Introduction: The development of medical sciences brings with it an increase in life expectancy, together with the early detection of a large number of chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, which are routinely treated with antiplatelet aggregation drugs. Knowledge on the treatment of these patients before stomatological surgical procedures constitutes a challenge in daily professional practice. Objective: To determine the level of bleeding after tooth extraction in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, according to the type of antiplatelet agents and dental group, as well as the frequency of use of measures for their control. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with a universe of 136 patients over 20 years of age, referred by their cardiologist, who needed dental extractions without modifying their treatment with antiplatelet agents. The variables studied were systemic disease, type of antiplatelet agent, level of bleeding, dental group treated and hemostatic method used. Results: Half of the patients studied did not present bleeding after tooth extraction. In patients treated with aspirin or clopidogrel, 84.3% and 62.5%, respectively, had no bleeding. In those with double antiplatelet therapy, moderate bleeding prevailed with 46.3%. The incisor, canine and premolar tooth groups did not present bleeding episodes (64.1%, 51.6% and 53.3%, respectively). The most commonly used hemostatic method was cortical compression and cold thermotherapy (47.8%). Conclusions: Half of the patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases did not present bleeding after tooth extraction.

Keywords

• extracción dental
• aspirina
• clopidogrel
• cirugía bucal.