European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields (Aug 2024)
The XENONnT dark matter experiment
- XENON Collaboration,
- E. Aprile,
- J. Aalbers,
- K. Abe,
- S. Ahmed Maouloud,
- L. Althueser,
- B. Andrieu,
- E. Angelino,
- J. R. Angevaare,
- V. C. Antochi,
- D. Antón Martin,
- F. Arneodo,
- M. Balata,
- L. Baudis,
- A. L. Baxter,
- M. Bazyk,
- L. Bellagamba,
- R. Biondi,
- A. Bismark,
- E. J. Brookes,
- A. Brown,
- S. Bruenner,
- G. Bruno,
- R. Budnik,
- T. K. Bui,
- C. Cai,
- J. M. R. Cardoso,
- F. Cassese,
- A. Chiarini,
- D. Cichon,
- A. P. Cimental Chavez,
- A. P. Colijn,
- J. Conrad,
- R. Corrieri,
- J. J. Cuenca-García,
- J. P. Cussonneau,
- O. Dadoun,
- V. D’Andrea,
- M. P. Decowski,
- B. De Fazio,
- P. Di Gangi,
- S. Diglio,
- J. M. Disdier,
- D. Douillet,
- K. Eitel,
- A. Elykov,
- S. Farrell,
- A. D. Ferella,
- C. Ferrari,
- H. Fischer,
- M. Flierman,
- S. Form,
- D. Front,
- W. Fulgione,
- C. Fuselli,
- P. Gaemers,
- R. Gaior,
- A. Gallo Rosso,
- M. Galloway,
- F. Gao,
- R. Gardner,
- N. Garroum,
- R. Glade-Beucke,
- L. Grandi,
- J. Grigat,
- H. Guan,
- M. Guerzoni,
- M. Guida,
- R. Hammann,
- A. Higuera,
- C. Hils,
- L. Hoetzsch,
- N. F. Hood,
- J. Howlett,
- C. Huhmann,
- M. Iacovacci,
- G. Iaquaniello,
- L. Iven,
- Y. Itow,
- J. Jakob,
- F. Joerg,
- A. Joy,
- M. Kara,
- P. Kavrigin,
- S. Kazama,
- M. Kobayashi,
- G. Koltman,
- A. Kopec,
- F. Kuger,
- H. Landsman,
- R. F. Lang,
- L. Levinson,
- I. Li,
- S. Li,
- S. Liang,
- S. Lindemann,
- M. Lindner,
- K. Liu,
- J. Loizeau,
- F. Lombardi,
- J. Long,
- J. A. M. Lopes,
- Y. Ma,
- C. Macolino,
- J. Mahlstedt,
- A. Mancuso,
- L. Manenti,
- F. Marignetti,
- T. Marrodán Undagoitia,
- P. Martella,
- K. Martens,
- J. Masbou,
- D. Masson,
- E. Masson,
- S. Mastroianni,
- E. Mele,
- M. Messina,
- R. Michinelli,
- K. Miuchi,
- A. Molinario,
- S. Moriyama,
- K. Morå,
- Y. Mosbacher,
- M. Murra,
- J. Müller,
- K. Ni,
- S. Nisi,
- U. Oberlack,
- D. Orlandi,
- R. Othegraven,
- B. Paetsch,
- J. Palacio,
- S. Parlati,
- P. Paschos,
- Q. Pellegrini,
- R. Peres,
- C. Peters,
- J. Pienaar,
- M. Pierre,
- G. Plante,
- T. R. Pollmann,
- J. Qi,
- J. Qin,
- D. Ramírez García,
- M. Rynge,
- J. Shi,
- R. Singh,
- L. Sanchez,
- J. M. F. dos Santos,
- I. Sarnoff,
- G. Sartorelli,
- J. Schreiner,
- D. Schulte,
- P. Schulte,
- H. Schulze Eißing,
- M. Schumann,
- L. Scotto Lavina,
- M. Selvi,
- F. Semeria,
- P. Shagin,
- S. Shi,
- E. Shockley,
- M. Silva,
- H. Simgen,
- J. Stephen,
- M. Stern,
- B. K. Stillwell,
- A. Takeda,
- P.-L. Tan,
- D. Tatananni,
- A. Terliuk,
- D. Thers,
- F. Toschi,
- G. Trinchero,
- C. Tunnell,
- F. Tönnies,
- K. Valerius,
- G. Volta,
- C. Weinheimer,
- M. Weiss,
- D. Wenz,
- J. Westermann,
- C. Wittweg,
- T. Wolf,
- V. H. S. Wu,
- Y. Xing,
- D. Xu,
- Z. Xu,
- M. Yamashita,
- L. Yang,
- J. Ye,
- L. Yuan,
- G. Zavattini,
- M. Zhong,
- T. Zhu
Affiliations
- XENON Collaboration
- E. Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- J. Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- S. Ahmed Maouloud
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- L. Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- B. Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- E. Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- J. R. Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- V. C. Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- D. Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- F. Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics
- M. Balata
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- A. L. Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- M. Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- L. Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- R. Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- A. Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- E. J. Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- A. Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- S. Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- G. Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- R. Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- T. K. Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- C. Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- J. M. R. Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- F. Cassese
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- A. Chiarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- D. Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- A. P. Cimental Chavez
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- R. Corrieri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- J. J. Cuenca-García
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- J. P. Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- O. Dadoun
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- V. D’Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- M. P. Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- B. De Fazio
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- P. Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- S. Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- J. M. Disdier
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- D. Douillet
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris
- K. Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- A. Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- A. D. Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- C. Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- H. Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- M. Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- S. Form
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- D. Front
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- W. Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- C. Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- P. Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- R. Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- A. Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- M. Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- F. Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- R. Gardner
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- N. Garroum
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- R. Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- L. Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- J. Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- H. Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- M. Guerzoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- M. Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- R. Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- A. Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- C. Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- L. Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- N. F. Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- J. Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- C. Huhmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- M. Iacovacci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- G. Iaquaniello
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris
- L. Iven
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- Y. Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
- J. Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- F. Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- A. Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- M. Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- P. Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- S. Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
- M. Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
- G. Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- A. Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- F. Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- H. Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- R. F. Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- L. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- I. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- S. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- S. Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- S. Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- K. Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- J. Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- F. Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- J. Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- J. A. M. Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- Y. Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- C. Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- J. Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- A. Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- L. Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics
- F. Marignetti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- T. Marrodán Undagoitia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- P. Martella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- K. Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- J. Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- D. Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- E. Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- S. Mastroianni
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- E. Mele
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli
- M. Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- R. Michinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- K. Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University
- A. Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- K. Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- Y. Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- M. Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- J. Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- K. Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- S. Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- U. Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- D. Orlandi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- R. Othegraven
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- B. Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- J. Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- S. Parlati
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- P. Paschos
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- Q. Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- R. Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- C. Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- J. Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- M. Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- G. Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- T. R. Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam
- J. Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- J. Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- D. Ramírez García
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- M. Rynge
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- J. Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University
- R. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University
- L. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- J. M. F. dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- I. Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics
- G. Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- D. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- P. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- H. Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- M. Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- L. Scotto Lavina
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3
- M. Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- F. Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna
- P. Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- S. Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- E. Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- M. Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra
- H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- J. Stephen
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- M. Stern
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- B. K. Stillwell
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- P.-L. Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- D. Tatananni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute
- A. Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- D. Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- F. Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- G. Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino
- C. Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University
- F. Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg
- K. Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- G. Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- C. Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- M. Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science
- D. Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- J. Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- C. Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich
- T. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- V. H. S. Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Y. Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes
- D. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- Z. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- M. Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo
- L. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- J. Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- L. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- G. Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara
- M. Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego
- T. Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 84,
no. 8
pp. 1 – 29
Abstract
Abstract The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
