Department of Echocardiography, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 5NP, UK
Théo Pezel
Département de Cardiologie, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Universitaire de Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Inserm UMRS 942, 75010 Paris, France
Natasha Alexandra Donald
Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
Elizabeth Katherine Anna Triumbari
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Pier Paolo Bassareo
School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Children’s Health Ireland Crumlin, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
Akshyaya Pradhan
Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
Andrea Cimini
Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Marco Alfonso Perrone
Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Infective endocarditis (IE) represents an important medical challenge, particularly in patients with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Its early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management to improve patient outcomes. Multimodality imaging is emerging as a powerful tool in the diagnosis and management of IE in CHD patients, offering a comprehensive and integrated approach that enhances diagnostic accuracy and guides therapeutic strategies. This review illustrates the utilities of each single multimodality imaging, including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and nuclear imaging modalities, in the diagnosis of IE in CHD patients. These imaging techniques provide crucial information about valvular and intracardiac structures, vegetation size and location, abscess formation, and associated complications, helping clinicians make timely and informed decisions. However, each one does have limitations that influence its applicability.
