Malaria Journal (Oct 2017)
Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries
- Chris Drakeley,
- Salim Abdulla,
- Selidji Todagbe Agnandji,
- José Francisco Fernandes,
- Peter Kremsner,
- Bertrand Lell,
- Ludovic Mewono,
- Bache Emmanuel Bache,
- Michael Gabriel Mihayo,
- Omar Juma,
- Marcel Tanner,
- Marc Christian Tahita,
- Halidou Tinto,
- Salou Diallo,
- Palpouguini Lompo,
- Umberto D’Alessandro,
- Bernhards Ogutu,
- Lucas Otieno,
- Solomon Otieno,
- Walter Otieno,
- Janet Oyieko,
- Kwaku Poku Asante,
- Dominic Bon-Ereme Dery,
- George Adjei,
- Elisha Adeniji,
- Dorcas Atibilla,
- Seth Owusu-Agyei,
- Brian Greenwood,
- Samwel Gesase,
- John Lusingu,
- Coline Mahende,
- Robert Mongi,
- Method Segeja,
- Samuel Adjei,
- Tsiri Agbenyega,
- Alex Agyekum,
- Daniel Ansong,
- John Tanko Bawa,
- Harry Owusu Boateng,
- Léonard Dandalo,
- Veronica Escamilla,
- Irving Hoffman,
- Peter Maenje,
- Francis Martinson,
- Terrell Carter,
- Didier Leboulleux,
- David C. Kaslow,
- Effua Usuf,
- Jean-Yves Pirçon,
- Edith Roset Bahmanyar
Affiliations
- Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital
- Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- José Francisco Fernandes
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- Peter Kremsner
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- Bertrand Lell
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- Ludovic Mewono
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- Bache Emmanuel Bache
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen
- Michael Gabriel Mihayo
- Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital
- Omar Juma
- Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital
- Marcel Tanner
- Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital
- Marc Christian Tahita
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé
- Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé
- Salou Diallo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé
- Palpouguini Lompo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé
- Umberto D’Alessandro
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Bernhards Ogutu
- KEMRI-Walter Reed Project
- Lucas Otieno
- KEMRI-Walter Reed Project
- Solomon Otieno
- KEMRI-Walter Reed Project
- Walter Otieno
- KEMRI-Walter Reed Project
- Janet Oyieko
- KEMRI-Walter Reed Project
- Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Center
- Dominic Bon-Ereme Dery
- Kintampo Health Research Center
- George Adjei
- Kintampo Health Research Center
- Elisha Adeniji
- Kintampo Health Research Center
- Dorcas Atibilla
- Kintampo Health Research Center
- Seth Owusu-Agyei
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Brian Greenwood
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Samwel Gesase
- National Institute for Medical Research
- John Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research
- Coline Mahende
- National Institute for Medical Research
- Robert Mongi
- National Institute for Medical Research
- Method Segeja
- National Institute for Medical Research
- Samuel Adjei
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Tsiri Agbenyega
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Alex Agyekum
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Daniel Ansong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- John Tanko Bawa
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Harry Owusu Boateng
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Léonard Dandalo
- University of North Carolina Project
- Veronica Escamilla
- University of North Carolina Project
- Irving Hoffman
- University of North Carolina Project
- Peter Maenje
- University of North Carolina Project
- Francis Martinson
- University of North Carolina Project
- Terrell Carter
- The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
- Didier Leboulleux
- The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
- David C. Kaslow
- The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative
- Effua Usuf
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
- Jean-Yves Pirçon
- GSK Vaccines
- Edith Roset Bahmanyar
- GSK Vaccines
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2078-3
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 16,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 15
Abstract
Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial and estimated PfPR over ≤ 4 standardized cross-sectional surveys. Methods This epidemiology study (NCT01190202) was conducted in 8 sites from 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania), between March 2011 and December 2013. Participants were enrolled in a 2:1:1 ratio according to age category: 6 months–4 years, 5–19 years, and ≥ 20 years, respectively, per year and per centre. All sites carried out surveys 1–3 while survey 4 was conducted only in 3 sites. Surveys were usually performed during the peak malaria parasite transmission season, in one home visit, when medical history and malaria risk factors/prevention measures were collected, and a blood sample taken for rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, and haemoglobin measurement. PfPR was estimated by site and age category. Results Overall, 6401 (survey 1), 6411 (survey 2), 6400 (survey 3), and 2399 (survey 4) individuals were included in the analyses. In the 6 months–4 years age group, the lowest prevalence (assessed using microscopy) was observed in 2 Tanzanian centres (4.6% for Korogwe and 9.95% for Bagamoyo) and Lambaréné, Gabon (6.0%), while the highest PfPR was recorded for Nanoro, Burkina Faso (52.5%). PfPR significantly decreased over the 3 years in Agogo (Ghana), Kombewa (Kenya), Lilongwe (Malawi), and Bagamoyo (Tanzania), and a trend for increased PfPR was observed over the 4 surveys for Kintampo, Ghana. Over the 4 surveys, for all sites, PfPR was predominantly higher in the 5–19 years group than in the other age categories. Occurrence of fever and anaemia was associated with high P. falciparum parasitaemia. Univariate analyses showed a significant association of anti-malarial treatment in 4 surveys (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.52, 0.52, 0.68, 0.41) and bed net use in 2 surveys (ORs: 0.63, 0.68, 1.03, 1.78) with lower risk of malaria infection. Conclusion Local PfPR differed substantially between sites and age groups. In children 6 months–4 years old, a significant decrease in prevalence over the 3 years was observed in 4 out of the 8 study sites. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT01190202:NCT. GSK Study ID numbers: 114001
Keywords