A-Site Cation Size Effect on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm(Eu,Gd)Cr<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> High-Entropy Solid Solutions
Denis A. Vinnik,
Vladimir E. Zhivulin,
Evgeny A. Trofimov,
Svetlana A. Gudkova,
Alexander Yu. Punda,
Azalia N. Valiulina,
Maksim Gavrilyak,
Olga V. Zaitseva,
Sergey V. Taskaev,
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker,
Amal Alqahtani,
David A. Bradley,
M. I. Sayyed,
Vitaliy A. Turchenko,
Alex V. Trukhanov,
Sergei V. Trukhanov
Affiliations
Denis A. Vinnik
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Vladimir E. Zhivulin
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Evgeny A. Trofimov
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Svetlana A. Gudkova
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Alexander Yu. Punda
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Azalia N. Valiulina
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Maksim Gavrilyak
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Olga V. Zaitseva
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Sergey V. Taskaev
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
Amal Alqahtani
Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
David A. Bradley
Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
M. I. Sayyed
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
Vitaliy A. Turchenko
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Alex V. Trukhanov
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Sergei V. Trukhanov
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
Three high-entropy Sm(Eu,Gd)Cr0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2O3 perovskite solid solutions were synthesized using the usual ceramic technology. The XRD investigation at room temperature established a single-phase perovskite product. The Rietveld refinement with the FullProf computer program in the frame of the orthorhombic Pnma (No 62) space group was realized. Along with a decrease in the V unit cell volume from ~224.33 Å3 for the Sm-based sample down to ~221.52 Å3 for the Gd-based sample, an opposite tendency was observed for the unit cell parameters as the ordinal number of the rare-earth cation increased. The average grain size was in the range of 5–8 μm. Field magnetization was measured up to 30 kOe at 50 K and 300 K. The law of approach to saturation was used to determine the Ms spontaneous magnetization that nonlinearly increased from ~1.89 emu/g (Sm) up to ~17.49 emu/g (Gd) and from ~0.59 emu/g (Sm) up to ~3.16 emu/g (Gd) at 50 K and 300 K, respectively. The Mr residual magnetization and Hc coercive force were also determined, while the SQR loop squareness, k magnetic crystallographic anisotropy coefficient, and Ha anisotropy field were calculated. Temperature magnetization was measured in a field of 30 kOe. ZFC and FC magnetization curves were fixed in a field of 100 Oe. It was discovered that the Tmo magnetic ordering temperature downward-curve decreased from ~137.98 K (Sm) down to ~133.99 K (Gd). The spin glass state with ferromagnetic nanoinclusions for all the samples was observed. The average and Dmax maximum diameter of ferromagnetic nanoinclusions were calculated and they were in the range of 40–50 nm and 160–180 nm, respectively. The mechanism of magnetic state formation is discussed in terms of the effects of the A-site cation size and B-site poly-substitution on the indirect superexchange interactions.
