<i>Nigella sativa</i> Extract Potentially Inhibited Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Induced Infection in Rabbits: Potential Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Properties
Gamal Abd Elmoneim Elmowalid,
Adel Attia M. Ahmad,
Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid,
Doaa Ibrahim,
Ali Wahdan,
Amal S. A. El Oksh,
Ahlam E. Yonis,
Mohamed Abdelrazek Elkady,
Tamer Ahmed Ismail,
Adel Qlayel Alkhedaide,
Shimaa S. Elnahriry
Affiliations
Gamal Abd Elmoneim Elmowalid
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Adel Attia M. Ahmad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Doaa Ibrahim
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Ali Wahdan
Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
Amal S. A. El Oksh
Reference Laboratory for Quality Control of Poultry Production (RLQP), Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Sharkia Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Ahlam E. Yonis
Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control of Poultry Production (RLQP), Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Damanhour Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
Mohamed Abdelrazek Elkady
Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura 35511, Egypt
Tamer Ahmed Ismail
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Adel Qlayel Alkhedaide
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Shimaa S. Elnahriry
Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
Weaning is the most crucial period associated with increased stress and susceptibility to diseases in rabbits. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a historic emergent pathogen related to post weaning stressors, adversely affects rabbit’s growth rate and productive cycle. Since MRSA is rapidly evolving antibiotics resistance, natural products are desperately required to tackle the public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to screen the iin vitro antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa extract (NSE) and its interactions with antibiotics against MRSA isolates. Moreover, 200 weaned rabbits were divided into 4 groups to investigate the iin vivo superiority of NSE graded levels towards growth performance, tight junction integrity, immune responsiveness and resistance against MRSA. Herein, NSE showed promising antimicrobial activities against MRSA isolates from animal (77.8%) and human (64.3%) origins. Additionally, MRSA isolates exposed to NSE became sensitive to all antimicrobials to which they were previously resistant. Our results described that the growth-promoting functions of NSE, especially at higher levels, were supported by elevated activities of digestive linked enzymes. Post-NSE feeding, rabbits’ sera mediated bactericidal activities against MRSA. Notably, upregulated expression of occludin, CLDN-1, MUC-2 and JAM-2 genes was noted post NSE supplementation with maximum transcriptional levels in 500 mg/kg NSE fed group. Our data described that NSE constitutively motivated rabbits’ immune responses and protected them against MRSA-induced experimental infection. Our results suggest the antimicrobial, growth stimulating and immunomodulation activities of NSE to maximize the capability of rabbits for disease response.
