Genetic variations and clinical features associated with burning sensation due to topical tacrolimus in patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Abstract Background Topical tacrolimus has been used as one of the treatment options for atopic dermatitis (AD). A burning sensation is the most common side effect of topical tacrolimus. Objectives This study was designed to identify genetic variations and clinical features to predict burning sensation by topical tacrolimus in patients with AD. Methods Patients with AD who had applied topical tacrolimus were classified according to the presence of a burning sensation. We compared the patients' demographics and blood test results, including serum eosinophil, serum immunoglobulin E and multiple allergen simultaneous test. Furthermore, the frequency of variations in barrier‐ (KLK7, FLG 3321delA, FLG K4022X, SPINK5 1156, SPINK5 1188, SPINK5 2475) and immune response‐ (DEFB1, KDR, CDKAL1, IL‐5RA, IL‐9, IL‐12RB1, IL‐12RB2, IL‐17RA) related genes was compared between two groups by reverse blot hybridization assay of the buccal mucosa. Results Among 206 patients with AD using topical tacrolimus, 34 (16.5%) complained of a burning sensation. The burning sensation was associated with severe AD and a family history of atopic disease. Furthermore, with statistical significance, a heterozygous mutation in the filaggrin gene (FLG K4022X) was more frequent in AD patients with a burning sensation due to topical tacrolimus. However, no other significant genetic differences were observed between them. Conclusions A burning sensation caused by topical tacrolimus can be expected in AD patients with severe symptoms, a family history of atopy and a genetic variation such as FLG K4022X.

Keywords

• atopic dermatitis
• burning sensation
• genetic variation
• topical tacrolimus