Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia (Jan 2018)

Predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery

  • Sreja Gangadharan,
  • K R Sundaram,
  • Senthilvelan Vasudevan,
  • B Ananthakrishnan,
  • Rakhi Balachandran,
  • Abraham Cherian,
  • Praveen Kerala Varma,
  • Luis Bakero Gracia,
  • K Murukan,
  • Ashish Madaiker,
  • Rajesh Jose,
  • Rakesh Seetharaman,
  • Kirun Gopal,
  • Sujatha Menon,
  • M Thushara,
  • Reshmi Liza Jose,
  • G Deepak,
  • Sudheer Babu Vanga,
  • Aveek Jayant

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_21_18
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 21, no. 4
pp. 448 – 454

Abstract

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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery (CS) is not uncommon and has serious effects on mortality and morbidity. A majority of patients suffer mild forms of AKI. There is a paucity of Indian data regarding this important complication after CS. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to study the incidence of AKI associated with CS in an Indian study population. Secondary objectives were to describe the risk factors associated with AKI-CS in our population and to generate outcome data in patients who suffer this complication. Methods: Serial patients (n = 400) presenting for adult CS (emergency/elective) at a tertiary referral care hospital in South India from August 2016 to November 2017 were included as the study individuals. The incidence of AKI-CS AKI network (AKIN criteria), risk factors associated with this condition and the outcomes following AKI-CS are described. Results: Out of 400, 37 (9.25%) patients developed AKI after CS. AKI associated with CS was associated with a mortality of 13.5% (no AKI group mortality 2.8%, P = 0.001 [P < 0.05]). When AKI was severe enough to need renal replacement therapy, the mortality increased to 75%. Patients with AKI had a mean hospital stay 16.92 ± 12.75 days which was comparatively longer than patients without AKI (14 ± 7.98 days). Recent acute coronary syndrome, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and systemic hypertension significantly predicted the onset of AKI-CS in our population. Conclusions: The overall incidence of AKI-CS was 9.25%. The incidence of AKI-CS requiring dialysis (Stage 3 AKIN) AKI-CS was lower (2%). However, mortality risks were disproportionately high in patients with AKIN Stage 3 AKI-CS (75%). There is a need for quality improvement in the care of patients with AKI-CS in its most severe forms since mortality risks posed by the development of Stage 3 AKIN AKI is higher than reported in other index populations from high resource settings.

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