Drug Design, Development and Therapy (Oct 2021)
The Expanding Role of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds in Drug Design
Abstract
Yong Ling,1 Zhi-You Hao,2 Dong Liang,3 Chun-Lei Zhang,4 Yan-Fei Liu,5 Yan Wang6,7 1Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; 7Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan WangHEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanTel +92 21 111-222-292 ext 164Fax +92 21 34819018-9Email [email protected]: Pyridine-based ring systems are one of the most extensively used heterocycles in the field of drug design, primarily due to their profound effect on pharmacological activity, which has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. In the US FDA database, there are 95 approved pharmaceuticals that stem from pyridine or dihydropyridine, including isoniazid and ethionamide (tuberculosis), delavirdine (HIV/AIDS), abiraterone acetate (prostate cancer), tacrine (Alzheimer’s), ciclopirox (ringworm and athlete’s foot), crizotinib (cancer), nifedipine (Raynaud’s syndrome and premature birth), piroxicam (NSAID for arthritis), nilvadipine (hypertension), roflumilast (COPD), pyridostigmine (myasthenia gravis), and many more. Their remarkable therapeutic applications have encouraged researchers to prepare a larger number of biologically active compounds decorated with pyridine or dihydropyridine, expandeing the scope of finding a cure for other ailments. It is thus anticipated that myriad new pharmaceuticals containing the two heterocycles will be available in the forthcoming decade. This review examines the prospects of highly potent bioactive molecules to emphasize the advantages of using pyridine and dihydropyridine in drug design. We cover the most recent developments from 2010 to date, highlighting the ever-expanding role of both scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development.Keywords: nitrogen heterocycles, pharmaceuticals, bioactive compounds, current trend, substituent effect
