Artificial Intelligence Detection of Cervical Spine Fractures Using Convolutional Neural Network Models

Abstract

Objective To develop and evaluate a technique using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the computer-assisted diagnosis of cervical spine fractures from radiographic x-ray images. By leveraging deep learning techniques, the study might potentially lead to improved patient outcomes and clinical decision-making. Methods This study obtained 500 lateral radiographic cervical spine x-ray images from standard open-source dataset repositories to develop a classification model using CNNs. All the images contained diagnostic information, including normal cervical radiographic images (n=250) and fracture images of the cervical spine fracture (n=250). The model would classify whether the patient had a cervical spine fracture or not. Seventy percent of the images were training data sets used for model training, and 30% were for testing. Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME)’s graphic user interface-based programming enabled class label annotation, data preprocessing, CNNs model training, and performance evaluation. Results The performance evaluation of a model for detecting cervical spine fractures presents compelling results across various metrics. This model exhibits high sensitivity (recall) values of 0.886 for fractures and 0.957 for normal cases, indicating its proficiency in identifying true positives. Precision values of 0.954 for fractures and 0.893 for normal cases highlight the model’s ability to minimize false positives. With specificity values of 0.957 for fractures and 0.886 for normal cases, the model effectively identifies true negatives. The overall accuracy of 92.14% highlights its reliability in correctly classifying cases by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion We successfully used deep learning models for computer-assisted diagnosis of cervical spine fractures from radiographic x-ray images. This approach can assist the radiologist in screening, detecting, and diagnosing cervical spine fractures.

Keywords

• artificial intelligence
• cervical spine fracture
• computer-assisted diagnosis
• machine learning
• convolutional neural networks