Indian Dermatology Online Journal (Oct 2023)

Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis Mimicking Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

  • Ratnakar R. Kamath,
  • Mahendra M. Kura,
  • Rituparna Basumatary

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.idoj_276_23
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 3
pp. 496 – 499

Abstract

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Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection commonly seen in the tropics, caused by gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli of the genus Actinomyces. There are very few reported cases of primary cutaneous actinomycosis. It can mimic mycetoma, tuberculosis, nocardiosis, and botryomycosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis in the absence of sinuses. Even with repeated attempts, cultures are mostly negative; and hence, histology reveals the diagnosis in most cases. Here, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous actinomycosis in a 21-year-old female patient, following a road traffic accident (RTA). A positive Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon and special stains demonstrated the ray fungus and helped us reach the diagnosis. The patient was started on oral penicillin G and showed good response.

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