Central Hemodynamic Parameters are Altered in Resistant Hypertensive Individuals

Abstract

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the major risk factors related to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Sodium intake is linked to elevated blood pressure and can be estimated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion. The objective of this study was to correlate 24 h urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure and arterial stiffness (AS) parameters in hypertensive individuals. Methods: We evaluated 53 patients who underwent in-office 24-h blood pressure tests and AS parameters using the Mobil-O-Graph® equipment. The patients were divided into controlled hypertensive and resistant hypertensive. Unpaired t-test was performed with significance at p < 0.05. Results: Mean age was 64.32 years; weight 77.56 kg; height 1.61 m; and BMI of 29.68 kg/m2. Resistant hypertensive patients (25 subjects) have systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.004), 24 h SBP (p < 0.0001), 24 h DBP (p = 0.002), pulse pressure (PP) (p < 0.0001), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) (p = 0.0003) and central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP) (p = 0.021) higher than controlled hypertensive patients (28 subjects). Conclusion: Peripheral and central arterial pressures are higher in resistant hypertensive than in controlled hypertensive. Sodium excretion is unrelated to hemodynamic variables. Age is related to the elevation of central pressure and pulse wave velocity.

Keywords

• Hypertension
• resistant hypertension
• sodium
• arterial stiffness