Search for Synchrotron Emission from Secondary Electrons of Proton–Proton Interactions in Galactic PeVatron Candidate HESS J1641–463

Abstract

HESS J1641−463 is an unidentified gamma-ray source with a hard TeV gamma-ray spectrum, and thus it has been proposed to be a possible candidate for a cosmic-ray (CR) accelerator up to PeV energies (a PeVatron candidate). The source spatially coincides with the radio supernova remnant G338.5+0.1 but has not yet been fully explored in the X-ray band. We analyzed newly taken NuSTAR data, pointing at HESS J1641−463, with 82 ks effective exposure time. There is no apparent X-ray counterpart of HESS J1641−463, while nearby stellar cluster, Mercer 81, and stray-light X-rays are detected. Combined with the archival Chandra data, partially covering the source, we derived an upper limit of ∼6 × 10 ^−13 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 in 2–10 keV (∼3 × 10 ^−13 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 in 10–20 keV). If the gamma-ray emission is originated from the decay of π ^0 mesons produced in interactions between CR protons and ambient materials, secondary electrons in the proton–proton interactions can potentially emit synchrotron photons in the X-ray band, which can be tested by our X-ray observations. Although the obtained X-ray upper limits cannot place a constraint on the primary proton spectrum, it will be possible with a future hard X-ray mission.

Keywords

• Galactic cosmic rays
• Diffuse radiation
• Gamma-rays
• Gamma-ray sources