Neonatal Auditory Screening is a Necessity in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Single Center Study

Abstract

Background: Hearing impairment early in life interferes with normal healthy psychosocial, linguistic and educational development. Neonatal morbidities might be complicated by increased hearing impairment. Aim of the Work: To study the frequency of hearing loss among neonates with morbidities necessitating admission to neonatal intensive care units. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved screening of 250 neonate on day of discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Children Hospital, Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt during 2020 using evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE). Automated auditory brain stem response (AABR) was used as a confirmatory test for those who failed EOAE. Results: among the 250 neonates, 70 (28%) failed the screening by EOAE, and hearing loss was confirmed by AABR among 35(14%). Morbidity risk factors that contributed to hearing impairment was prematurity (p = 0.001), low birth weight (p = 0.003), low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes (p = 0.004), long NICU stay duration (p = 0.001), complications of pregnancy and delivery (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006 respectively), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (p = 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (p = 0.001), meningitis (p = 0.003), mechanical ventilation for more than 5 days (p = 0.005), ototoxic drug use (p = 0.007) and hyperbilirubinemia at level of exchange transfusion (p = 0.001). Conclusion: EOAE and confirmatory AABR non- invasively and objectively detected 14% hearing loss among neonates admitted to NICU. Implementation of screening for hearing impairment among those with morbidity risk factors is a necessity to allow prompt diagnosis and early management of hearing loss.

Keywords

• hearing impairment
• neonatal risk factors
• hyperbilirubinemia
• ototoxic drug use
• preterm