Differentiation of Salivary Gland and Salivary Gland Tumor Tissue via Raman Imaging Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis
Miriam C. Bassler,
Mona Knoblich,
Elena Gerhard-Hartmann,
Ashutosh Mukherjee,
Almoatazbellah Youssef,
Rudolf Hagen,
Lukas Haug,
Miguel Goncalves,
Agmal Scherzad,
Manuel Stöth,
Edwin Ostertag,
Maria Steinke,
Marc Brecht,
Stephan Hackenberg,
Till Jasper Meyer
Affiliations
Miriam C. Bassler
Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Science, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
Mona Knoblich
Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Science, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Ashutosh Mukherjee
Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Science, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
Almoatazbellah Youssef
Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Rudolf Hagen
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Lukas Haug
Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Miguel Goncalves
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Agmal Scherzad
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Manuel Stöth
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Edwin Ostertag
Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Science, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
Maria Steinke
Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
Marc Brecht
Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Science, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
Stephan Hackenberg
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Till Jasper Meyer
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a relevant, highly diverse subgroup of head and neck tumors whose entity determination can be difficult. Confocal Raman imaging in combination with multivariate data analysis may possibly support their correct classification. For the analysis of the translational potential of Raman imaging in SGT determination, a multi-stage evaluation process is necessary. By measuring a sample set of Warthin tumor, pleomorphic adenoma and non-tumor salivary gland tissue, Raman data were obtained and a thorough Raman band analysis was performed. This evaluation revealed highly overlapping Raman patterns with only minor spectral differences. Consequently, a principal component analysis (PCA) was calculated and further combined with a discriminant analysis (DA) to enable the best possible distinction. The PCA-DA model was characterized by accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and precision values above 90% and validated by predicting model-unknown Raman spectra, of which 93% were classified correctly. Thus, we state our PCA-DA to be suitable for parotid tumor and non-salivary salivary gland tissue discrimination and prediction. For evaluation of the translational potential, further validation steps are necessary.
