A Metagenomic Investigation of the Viruses Associated with Shiraz Disease in Australia
Qi Wu,
Nuredin Habili,
Wycliff M. Kinoti,
Stephen D. Tyerman,
Amy Rinaldo,
Linda Zheng,
Fiona E. Constable
Affiliations
Qi Wu
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Nuredin Habili
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Wycliff M. Kinoti
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Stephen D. Tyerman
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Amy Rinaldo
Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
Linda Zheng
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Fiona E. Constable
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Shiraz disease (SD) is an economically important virus-associated disease that can significantly reduce yield in sensitive grapevine varieties and has so far only been reported in South Africa and Australia. In this study, RT-PCR and metagenomic high-throughput sequencing was used to study the virome of symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines within vineyards affected by SD and located in South Australia. Results showed that grapevine virus A (GVA) phylogroup II variants were strongly associated with SD symptoms in Shiraz grapevines that also had mixed infections of viruses including combinations of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 strains 5, 6 and 9 (GLRaV-4/5, GLRaV-4/6, GLRaV-4/9). GVA phylogroup III variants, on the other hand, were present in both symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines, suggesting no or decreased virulence of these strains. Similarly, only GVA phylogroup I variants were found in heritage Shiraz grapevines affected by mild leafroll disease, along with GLRaV-1, suggesting this phylogroup may not be associated with SD.
