Frontiers in Psychiatry (Aug 2024)

Circadian disturbances, anxiety and motor disturbances differentiate delirium superimposed on dementia from dementia-only

  • Thiemo Schnorr,
  • Thiemo Schnorr,
  • Tim Fleiner,
  • Tim Fleiner,
  • Tim Fleiner,
  • Rieke Trumpf,
  • Rieke Trumpf,
  • Christian Prüter-Schwarte,
  • Janina Fanselow,
  • Wiebren Zijlstra,
  • Peter Haussermann

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1407213
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

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BackgroundTo ensure adequate treatment, individuals with delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) need to be differentiated reliably from those with dementia only (DO). Therefore, we aimed to examine the clinical indicators of DSD by assessing motor subtypes, cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in DSD and DO patients.MethodsCross-sectional design with the Delirium-Motor-Subtyping Scale (DMSS), Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE), Clock-Drawing-Test (CDT), DemTect, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed after admission to an acute hospital.Results94 patients were included, 43 with DSD (78 ± 7 years, MMSE = 11 ± 9) and 51 with DO (79 ± 7 years, MMSE = 9 ± 8). DMSS “no subtype” was more common in the DO group (26% vs. 10%, p = .04). The DSD group showed lower CDT scores (DSD: M = 4 ± 3 vs. DO: M = 6 ± 1; p < .001) and higher anxiety (DSD: MED = 3 ± 8 vs. DO: MED = 3 ± 4; p = .01) and sleep/night-time behavior disturbances (DSD: MED = 0 ± 6 vs. DO: MED = 0 ± 0; p = .02).ConclusionsSleep/night-time behavior disturbances appear to be a clinical indicator of DSD. Motor subtypes can identify cases at increased risk of developing delirium or unrecognized delirium.Clinical trial registrationhttps://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00025439, identifier DRKS00025439.

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