The effects of stress hyperglycemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with large vessel occlusions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and hyperglycemia are major risk factors that can increase infarction volume and contribute to poor functional status. Our study aim was to investigate the effect of stress hyperglycemia on various safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with or without diabetes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of consecutive LVO patient data treated with MT at a Comprehensive Stroke Center in the Mid-South was conducted. Adult patients with LVO on computed tomography angiography (CTA) and treated with MT within 24 h of symptom onset were included. The primary outcome was to determine if there was an association in collateral flow or infarct size in the setting of hyperglycemia. Secondary outcomes included National Institute of Health Sciences Score (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Score (mRS). RESULTS: A total of 450 patients underwent MT, out of which 433 had baseline hemoglobin A1c recorded: mean age: 64 ± 15 years, 47% women, pretreatment NIHSS median 15 points (interquartile range 10–19), 323 (75%) with good collaterals grades >2 on multiphasic CTA, 326 (75%) were non-diabetic, and 107 (25%) were diabetic. Nondiabetics with stress hyperglycemia had a tendency toward higher pre-treatment NIHSS scores (mean 17.5 ± 7.6, P = 0.02) and at 24-h (12.9 ± 9.0, P = 0.02), poor collaterals (multiphasic CTA score ≥2; 21.4% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.02), larger infarct volumes (50.7 ± 63.6 vs. 24.4 ± 33.8 cc, P < 0.0001), and had poorer functional outcomes (good mRS 0–2 47.7% vs. good mRS 0–2 36.8%) when compared to nondiabetics without stress hyperglycemia. For every 1 mg/dL increase in admission blood glucose, there was a 0.3 cc increase in infarct volume (95% confidence intervals for β =0.2–0.4; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for the final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score. CONCLUSIONS: LVO patients with stress hyperglycemia without previously diagnosed diabetes had more severe strokes, developed larger infarct volumes, poorer collaterals, and had worse functional outcomes at 90 days post-MT. In addition, LVO patients with diabetes and stress hyperglycemia exhibited more passes during MT and worse functional outcomes.

Keywords

• diabetes
• hyperglycemia
• ischemic stroke
• large vessel
• thrombectomy