Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices for binary and ternary mixtures of formamide (1) + N,N-dimethylacetamide (2) + 2-methyl-1-butanol (3) at 298.15 K for the liquid region and at ambient pressure

Abstract

This article reports experimental densities ρ, viscosities η, and refractive indices nD, of the ternary systems of formamide (1) + N,N-dimethylacetamide (2) + 2-methyl-1-butanol (3) and the binary systems of formamide (1) + N,N-dimethylacetamide (2), formamide (1) + 2-methyl-1-butanol (3), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (2) + 2-methyl-1-butanol (3) over the entire range of composition at T = 298.15 K for the liquid region and at ambient pressure. Excess molar volumes VmE, deviations in the viscosity Δη, and deviations in the refractive index ΔnD, for the mixtures were derived from the experimental data. The binary and ternary data of VmE, Δη, and ΔnD, were correlated as a function of the mole fraction by using the Redlich–Kister and the Cibulka equations, respectively. The results are consistent with the self-association of alcohol and the polar characters of used amide. McAlister’s multibody interaction model is used for correlating the kinematic viscosity of binary mixtures, with mole fraction. The experimental and the constituted binary and ternary systems are analyzed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures. Keywords: Excess molar volume, Deviation in the viscosity and Refractive index, Formamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 2-Methyl-1-butanol