Cultural Characterization and Antagonistic Activity of <em>Cladobotryum virescens</em> against Some Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes
Giselle Hernández,
Beatriz Ramos,
Haider N. Sultani,
Yarelis Ortiz,
Iraida Spengler,
Rafael F. Castañeda,
Daniel G. Rivera,
Norbert Arnold,
Bernhard Westermann,
Yaneris Mirabal
Affiliations
Giselle Hernández
Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
Beatriz Ramos
Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture “Alexander von Humboldt” (INIFAT), 188 St # 38754 between 397 and Linderos, Santiago de Las Vegas, Havana 17200, Cuba
Haider N. Sultani
Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
Yarelis Ortiz
Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture “Alexander von Humboldt” (INIFAT), 188 St # 38754 between 397 and Linderos, Santiago de Las Vegas, Havana 17200, Cuba
Iraida Spengler
Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
Rafael F. Castañeda
Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture “Alexander von Humboldt” (INIFAT), 188 St # 38754 between 397 and Linderos, Santiago de Las Vegas, Havana 17200, Cuba
Daniel G. Rivera
Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
Norbert Arnold
Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
Bernhard Westermann
Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
Yaneris Mirabal
Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
In this study, the characteristic growth of Cladobotryum virescens on nine culture media was analyzed. The growing behavior of this fungus was dependent on the culture medium. In vitro analysis showed that oat agar was better than other media tested with the highest conidia production. The antifungal activity against Fusarium chlamydosporum and Alternaria brassicicola was evaluated by the Dual Culture method. C. virescens displayed high activity against both pathogens acting through antibiosis and mycoparasitism. This effect was increased by a higher competitiveness of the strain for the substrate. Furthermore, the crude ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth was tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea and Septoria tritici, as well as the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora infestans using a microtiter plate assay at different concentrations. The extract showed excellent inhibition even below 5 ppm. According to these results, we concluded that C. virescens can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate C. virescens as a biocontrol agent for different diseases caused by five relevant pathogens that affect cereals and vegetables.
