Sociodemographic, biological and cultural factors affecting morbidities among infants: A longitudinal study in rural Karnataka

Abstract

Background: Morbidities during infancy have a deadly effect on growth and development among infants. Globally, more than 0.5 million newborns die a year due to morbidities. In India, fifty percent of them are underweight. Objectives: To study morbidities during first year of life and to assess socio-demographic, biological and cultural factors influencing morbidity during first year of life. Methodology: This Longitudinal study was carried out in rural community of Kinaye, Vantamuri and Handignur PHC. Study population constituted of Babies born during May 2013–March 2014. Sample size was calculated and 962 infants were enrolled by using random number tables. Data was obtained from mothers using semi structured pretested questionnaire. The baseline data was collected within first week of the birth and were followed up monthly till the child completes 1 year. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Results: The incidence of morbidities during first year of life was 14.18 episodes per child-year. The incidence of Acute respiratory infections, Diarrhea and Fever during twelfth month was 0.31/infant-year, 0.25/infant-year and 0.22/infant-year. The socio demographic factors associated with Morbidities were non working (AOR: 1.320) illiteracy (AOR: 1.964) among mothers from low socio economic status (AOR: 1.651), Biological factors associated were low Gestational age (AOR: 2.594), No ANC registration (AOR: 3.047) and Low birth weight (AOR: 1.771). Cultural factors associated were Delayed initiation of breast feeding (AOR: 2.284) and Delayed bathing (AOR: 1.383). Conclusion: Improving female literacy and employment plays a major role in alleviating the morbidity among infants in rural areas.

Keywords

• Morbidity
• Infants
• Socio demographic profile
• Cultural practices
• Longitudinal study