Multifunctional Iron Bound Lactoferrin and Nanomedicinal Approaches to Enhance Its Bioactive Functions
Jagat R. Kanwar,
Kislay Roy,
Yogesh Patel,
Shu-Feng Zhou,
Manju Rawat Singh,
Deependra Singh,
Muhammad Nasir,
Rakesh Sehgal,
Alka Sehgal,
Ram Sarup Singh,
Sanjay Garg,
Rupinder K. Kanwar
Affiliations
Jagat R. Kanwar
Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
Kislay Roy
Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
Yogesh Patel
Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
Shu-Feng Zhou
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Manju Rawat Singh
University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
Deependra Singh
University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
Muhammad Nasir
Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
Rakesh Sehgal
Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Alka Sehgal
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh 160031, India
Ram Sarup Singh
Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
Sanjay Garg
Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
Rupinder K. Kanwar
Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Molecular and Medical Research (MMR) Strategic Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding protein from the transferrin family has been reported to have numerous functions. Even though Lf was first isolated from milk, it is also found in most exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity reports on lactoferrin identified its significance in host defense against infection and extreme inflammation. Anticarcinogenic reports on lactoferrin make this protein even more valuable. This review is focused on the structural configuration of iron-containing and iron-free forms of lactoferrin obtained from different sources such as goat, camel and bovine. Apart for emphasizing on the specific beneficial properties of lactoferrin from each of these sources, the general antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of lactoferrin are discussed here. Implementation of nanomedicinial strategies that enhance the bioactive function of lactoferrin are also discussed, along with information on lactoferrin in clinical trials.
