OnMapGaze and GraphGazeD: A Gaze Dataset and a Graph-Based Metric for Modeling Visual Perception Differences in Cartographic Backgrounds Used in Online Map Services

Abstract

In the present study, a new eye-tracking dataset (OnMapGaze) and a graph-based metric (GraphGazeD) for modeling visual perception differences are introduced. The dataset includes both experimental and analyzed gaze data collected during the observation of different cartographic backgrounds used in five online map services, including Google Maps, Wikimedia, Bing Maps, ESRI, and OSM, at three different zoom levels (12z, 14z, and 16z). The computation of the new metric is based on the utilization of aggregated gaze behavior data. Our dataset aims to serve as an objective ground truth for feeding artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and developing computational models for predicting visual behavior during map reading. Both the OnMapGaze dataset and the source code for computing the GraphGazeD metric are freely distributed to the scientific community.

Keywords

• eye tracking
• gaze dataset
• graph-based metric
• visual perception differences
• statistical grayscale heatmaps
• cartographic backgrounds