A protocol for wide-scope non-target analysis of contaminants in small amounts of biota using bead beating tissuelyser extraction and LC-HRMS
R. Gil-Solsona,
S. Rodriguez-Mozaz,
M.S. Diaz-Cruz,
A. Sunyer-Caldú,
T. Luarte,
J. Höfer,
C. Galbán-Malagón,
P. Gago-Ferrero
Affiliations
R. Gil-Solsona
Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Corresponding authors at: Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain.
S. Rodriguez-Mozaz
Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
M.S. Diaz-Cruz
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
A. Sunyer-Caldú
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
T. Luarte
Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia Antártica, POLARIX, Santiago de Chile, Chile
J. Höfer
Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
C. Galbán-Malagón
Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia Antártica, POLARIX, Santiago de Chile, Chile; GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile; Corresponding author at: Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia Antártica, POLARIX, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
P. Gago-Ferrero
Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Corresponding authors at: Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain.
This work describes a robust and powerful method for wide-scope target and non-target analysis of xenobiotics in biota samples based on bead beating tissuelyser extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and further detection by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Unlike target methodologies, non-target methods usually aim at determining a wide range of still unknown substances with different physicochemical properties. Therefore, losses during the extraction process were minimised. Apart from that, the reduction of possible interferences showed to be necessary to expand the number of compounds that can be detected. This was achieved with an additional SPE clean-up step carried out with mixed-bed multi-layered cartridges. The method was validated with a set of 27 compounds covering a wide range of physicochemical properties, and further applied to the analysis of krill and fish samples. • The bead beating extraction was efficient for a wide range of organic pollutants in small quantities of biota samples. • Multi-layered solid phase extraction clean-up yield a wide xenobiotics coverage reducing matrix effects. • Method validation with 27 compounds led to a suitable method for non-target analysis of organic pollutants in biota.
