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Décrypter les sens à donner à la récupération alimentaire. Une étude de cas dans la ville de Montpellier, France
Abstract
In France, food aid is the main option for people in precarious situations who have difficulty accessing food. Most aid is provided through the European Food Aid Fund, but above all through national tax deduction schemes for companies and individuals, which encourage donations to the main food aid associations. More recently, food aid in France has aligned with the European agenda, by integrating the fight against food waste into aid schemes. These policies to fight food insecurity and food waste have led to the emergence of new forms of solidarity, emphasising the notions of emancipation of those involved in the cause. Self-organised collectives and activist initiatives have multiplied. Among these initiatives, some opt for food recovery, broadly understood as the collection, redistribution or consumption of food products destined for the bin. The rationale of these practices, which have not yet been studied in France in all their diversity, oscillates between the fight against waste and food aid. This article contributes to a better understanding of these initiatives by examining the meanings they convey in terms of a more democratic conception of food systems. The analysis is based on a case study conducted in 2022 with the association Jardins Agroécologiques Partagés (AJAP), which is involved in citizen actions around food recovery and is characterized by its strong territorial anchorage in a low-income district of Montpellier.
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