Surface Modification of Synthetic Zeolites with Ca and HDTMA Compounds with Determination of Their Phytoavailability and Comparison of CEC and AEC Parameters
Michał Łach,
Agnieszka Grela,
Kinga Pławecka,
Martin Duarte Guigou,
Janusz Mikuła,
Norbert Komar,
Tomasz Bajda,
Kinga Korniejenko
Affiliations
Michał Łach
Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
Agnieszka Grela
Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Cracow, Poland
Kinga Pławecka
Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
Martin Duarte Guigou
Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnologías, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, B de Octubre 2738, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
Janusz Mikuła
Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
Zeolites obtained from fly ash are characterized by very good anion- and cation-exchange properties and a developed porous structure. This paper presents the results of surface modification studies of synthetic zeolites obtained from calcined coal shale (clay materials). Calcium compounds and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) were used as modifying substances. The characteristics of the raw material and the zeolite obtained as a result of its synthesis are presented. The surface modification method is described. Furthermore, the results of sorption and desorption of NO3, PO4, and SO4 from raw and modified samples are presented. The results of anion- and cation-exchange capacities for other zeolite types were also compared. Modification of the materials with Ca ions and HDTMA surfactant only improved the sorption of sulfates. The 90% desorption of nitrates, phosphates, and sulphates from the zeolite material without modification indicates a good release capacity of these compounds and their potential use as fertilizer additives.
