Induced Systemic Resistance in the <i>Bacillus</i> spp.—<i>Capsicum chinense</i> Jacq.—PepGMV Interaction, Elicited by Defense-Related Gene Expression
Blancka Yesenia Samaniego-Gámez,
Raúl Enrique Valle-Gough,
René Garruña-Hernández,
Arturo Reyes-Ramírez,
Luis Latournerie-Moreno,
José María Tun-Suárez,
Hernán de Jesús Villanueva-Alonzo,
Fidel Nuñez-Ramírez,
Lourdes Cervantes Diaz,
Samuel Uriel Samaniego-Gámez,
Yereni Minero-García,
Cecilia Hernandez-Zepeda,
Oscar A. Moreno-Valenzuela
Affiliations
Blancka Yesenia Samaniego-Gámez
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
Raúl Enrique Valle-Gough
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
René Garruña-Hernández
CONACYT—National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological Institute of Conkal, CONACYT, Tecnológico Ave. s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
Arturo Reyes-Ramírez
National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
Luis Latournerie-Moreno
National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
José María Tun-Suárez
National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
Hernán de Jesús Villanueva-Alonzo
Regional Research Center “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Cell Biology Laboratory, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Av. Itzáez, Nmbr. 490 by 59 St. Centro, Merida P.O. Box 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
Fidel Nuñez-Ramírez
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
Lourdes Cervantes Diaz
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
Samuel Uriel Samaniego-Gámez
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
Yereni Minero-García
Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, 43 St., Nmbr. 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Merida P.O. Box 97200, Yucatán, Mexico
Cecilia Hernandez-Zepeda
Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Water Sciences Unit, 8 St., Nmbr. 39, SM 64, Mz. 29, Cancun P.O. Box 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Oscar A. Moreno-Valenzuela
Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, 43 St., Nmbr. 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Merida P.O. Box 97200, Yucatán, Mexico
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a mechanism involved in the plant defense response against pathogens. Certain members of the Bacillus genus are able to promote the ISR by maintaining a healthy photosynthetic apparatus, which prepares the plant for future stress situations. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of the inoculation of Bacillus on the expression of genes involved in plant responses to pathogens, as a part of the ISR, during the interaction of Capsicum chinense infected with PepGMV. The effects of the inoculation of the Bacillus strains in pepper plants infected with PepGMV were evaluated by observing the accumulation of viral DNA and the visible symptoms of pepper plants during a time-course experiment in greenhouse and in in vitro experiments. The relative expression of the defense genes CcNPR1, CcPR10, and CcCOI1 were also evaluated. The results showed that the plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis K47, Bacillus cereus K46, and Bacillus sp. M9 had a reduction in the PepGMV viral titer, and the symptoms in these plants were less severe compared to the plants infected with PepGMV and non-inoculated with Bacillus. Additionally, an increase in the transcript levels of CcNPR1, CcPR10, and CcCOI1 was observed in plants inoculated with Bacillus strains. Our results suggest that the inoculation of Bacillus strains interferes with the viral replication, through the increase in the transcription of pathogenesis-related genes, which is reflected in a lowered plant symptomatology and an improved yield in the greenhouse, regardless of PepGMV infection status.
