Recent advances in tissue imaging for cancer research [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Abstract

Image analysis in clinical research has evolved at fast pace in the last decade. This review discusses basic concepts ranging from immunohistochemistry to advanced techniques such as multiplex imaging, digital pathology, flow cytometry and intravital microscopy. Tissue imaging ex vivo is still one of the gold-standards in the field due to feasibility. We describe here different protocols and applications of digital analysis providing basic and clinical researchers with an overview on how to analyse tissue images. In vivo imaging is not easily accessible to researchers; however, it provides invaluable dynamic information easily. Overall, we discuss a plethora of techniques that - when combined - constitute a powerful platform for basic and translational cancer research.