A Recent Ten-Year Perspective: Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling
Yulia Shulpekova,
Elena Shirokova,
Maria Zharkova,
Pyotr Tkachenko,
Igor Tikhonov,
Alexander Stepanov,
Alexandra Sinitsyna,
Alexander Izotov,
Tatyana Butkova,
Nadezhda Shulpekova,
Vladimir Nechaev,
Igor Damulin,
Alexey Okhlobystin,
Vladimir Ivashkin
Affiliations
Yulia Shulpekova
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Elena Shirokova
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Maria Zharkova
Department of Hepatology University Clinical Hospital No.2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Pyotr Tkachenko
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Igor Tikhonov
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Alexander Stepanov
Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
Alexandra Sinitsyna
Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
Alexander Izotov
Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
Tatyana Butkova
Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
Nadezhda Shulpekova
National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, 117292 Moscow, Russia
Vladimir Nechaev
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Igor Damulin
Branch of the V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, 127994 Moscow, Russia
Alexey Okhlobystin
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Vladimir Ivashkin
Chair of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids act as sensors of intestinal contents, which are determined by the change in the spectrum of bile acids during microbial transformation, as well as by gradual intestinal absorption. Entering the liver through the portal vein, bile acids regulate the activity of nuclear receptors, modify metabolic processes and the rate of formation of new bile acids from cholesterol, and also, in all likelihood, can significantly affect the detoxification of xenobiotics. Bile acids not absorbed by the liver can interact with a variety of cellular recipes in extrahepatic tissues. This provides review information on the synthesis of bile acids in various parts of the digestive tract, its regulation, and the physiological role of bile acids. Moreover, the present study describes the involvement of bile acids in micelle formation, the mechanism of intestinal absorption, and the influence of the intestinal microbiota on this process.
