Effect of fluoride on the learning and memory ability of larvae of Zaprionus indianus

Abstract

Abstract Background Many pesticides contain fluoride that enters the food chain and affect the non-target organisms. Fluoride is a known neurotoxin and may cause neurobehavioral defects. A study was conducted to see the effect of fluoride on the learning and memory ability of larvae of Zaprionus indianus. The learning and memory ability of 2nd instar larvae of normal (control) and sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated Zaprionus indianus was compared. Results Sublethal concentration of NaF for Z. indianus was found to be 0.8 ppm. Olfactory assay results showed that the larvae of normal (control) Z. indianus had better learning and memory ability in comparison to NaF-treated larvae. Conclusions This study indicates that the insects exposed to pesticides containing fluoride may have difficulty in locating food sources and carrying out pollination.

Keywords

• Zaprionus indianus
• Sodium fluoride
• Olfactory assay
• 2nd instar larvae
• Learning and memory