Frontiers in Psychiatry (Jan 2021)

Psychotic Experiences and Hikikomori in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adult Community Residents in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Naonori Yasuma,
  • Naonori Yasuma,
  • Kazuhiro Watanabe,
  • Daisuke Nishi,
  • Hanako Ishikawa,
  • Hisateru Tachimori,
  • Tadashi Takeshima,
  • Maki Umeda,
  • Norito Kawakami

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.602678
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

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Psychotic experiences (PEs) may be associated with hikikomori. In the present study, we analyzed interview data from a community-based representative sample (N = 1,616) in Japan to know the association of PEs over a life time, as well as the two components, hallucinatory experiences (HEs) and delusional experiences (DEs), with lifetime experience of hikikomori (severe social withdrawal). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between any PE, any HE, and any DE; and hikikomori, adjusting for socio-demographics and other psychopathologies (mental disorder in the past 12 months or having autistic spectrum disorder trait). Any PE was significantly associated with hikikomori [odds ratio (OR) =3.44, 95% CI = 1.14–10.33] after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, although the association attenuated after adjusting for other psychopathologies. Any DE remained significantly associated with hikikomori, even after adjustment for all the covariates (OR = 10.50, 95% CI = 1.57–70.29). Any HE was not significantly associated with hikikomori. DEs may be associated with hikikomori. However, because the study sample was small and the temporal association between DEs and hikikomori was unclear, a future study is needed to examine a causal relationship between DEs and hikikomori.

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