Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Markers in Children and Adolescents: Genobox Cohort
Miriam Latorre-Millán,
Azahara I. Rupérez,
Esther M. González-Gil,
Alba Santaliestra-Pasías,
Rocío Vázquez-Cobela,
Mercedes Gil-Campos,
Concepción M. Aguilera,
Ángel Gil,
Luis A. Moreno,
Rosaura Leis,
Gloria Bueno
Affiliations
Miriam Latorre-Millán
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Azahara I. Rupérez
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Esther M. González-Gil
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Alba Santaliestra-Pasías
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Grupo de Investigación Nutrición Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Mercedes Gil-Campos
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Concepción M. Aguilera
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Ángel Gil
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Luis A. Moreno
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Rosaura Leis
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Gloria Bueno
GENUD Research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5–16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (p < 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional differences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control.