Water (Jun 2018)
Evolution of Surface Hydrology in the Sahelo-Sudanian Strip: An Updated Review
- Luc Descroix,
- Françoise Guichard,
- Manuela Grippa,
- Laurent A. Lambert,
- Gérémy Panthou,
- Gil Mahé,
- Laetitia Gal,
- Cécile Dardel,
- Guillaume Quantin,
- Laurent Kergoat,
- Yasmin Bouaïta,
- Pierre Hiernaux,
- Théo Vischel,
- Thierry Pellarin,
- Bakary Faty,
- Catherine Wilcox,
- Moussa Malam Abdou,
- Ibrahim Mamadou,
- Jean-Pierre Vandervaere,
- Aïda Diongue-Niang,
- Ousmane Ndiaye,
- Youssouph Sané,
- Honoré Dacosta,
- Marielle Gosset,
- Claire Cassé,
- Benjamin Sultan,
- Aliou Barry,
- Okechukwu Amogu,
- Bernadette Nka Nnomo,
- Alseny Barry,
- Jean-Emmanuel Paturel
Affiliations
- Luc Descroix
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR, Lab) Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Mixte International (LMI) Patrimoines et Territoires de l’Eau(PATEO), IRD Hann, BP 1386, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Françoise Guichard
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), UMR 3589, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Météo-France, 31057 Toulouse, France
- Manuela Grippa
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Laurent A. Lambert
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI), Qatar University, Al Dafna. P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Gérémy Panthou
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Gil Mahé
- UMR Hydro-Sciences Montpellier (HSM) IRD/Université de Montpellier (UM), 34000 Montpellier, France
- Laetitia Gal
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Cécile Dardel
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Guillaume Quantin
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Laurent Kergoat
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Yasmin Bouaïta
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR, Lab) Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Mixte International (LMI) Patrimoines et Territoires de l’Eau(PATEO), IRD Hann, BP 1386, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Pierre Hiernaux
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Théo Vischel
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Thierry Pellarin
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Bakary Faty
- Direction de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau (DGPRE), BP 14484, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Catherine Wilcox
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Moussa Malam Abdou
- Department of Geography, Zinder University, BP 656, Zinder, Niger
- Ibrahim Mamadou
- Department of Geography, Zinder University, BP 656, Zinder, Niger
- Jean-Pierre Vandervaere
- Institut des Géosciences et Environnement (IGE) CNRS/IRD/Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/Grenoble Institut National Polytechnique (GINP), Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), 38400 Grenoble, France
- Aïda Diongue-Niang
- Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), BP 8184, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Ousmane Ndiaye
- Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), BP 8184, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Youssouph Sané
- Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), BP 8184, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Honoré Dacosta
- Department of Geography, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), BP 5005, 18524 Dakar, Senegal
- Marielle Gosset
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Claire Cassé
- UMR Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) CNRS/IRD, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France
- Benjamin Sultan
- UMR ESPACE DEV IRD/Institut de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement et de l’Agriculture (IRSTEA)/UM, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Aliou Barry
- Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique, BP 642, 999049 Conakry, Guinea
- Okechukwu Amogu
- Coyne et Bellier, Tractebel Engineering France, 92622 Gennevilliers, France
- Bernadette Nka Nnomo
- Centre de Recherches Hydrologique (CRH) de l’Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (IRGM), BP 4110 Nlongkak, 999108 Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Alseny Barry
- MEEF Ministère de l’Environnement des Eaux et Forêts/Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests, BP 761, 999049 Conakry, Guinea
- Jean-Emmanuel Paturel
- UMR Hydro-Sciences Montpellier (HSM) IRD/Université de Montpellier (UM), 34000 Montpellier, France
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060748
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10,
no. 6
p. 748
Abstract
In the West African Sahel, two paradoxical hydrological behaviors have occurred during the last five decades. The first paradox was observed during the 1968–1990s ‘Great Drought’ period, during which runoff significantly increased. The second paradox appeared during the subsequent period of rainfall recovery (i.e., since the 1990s), during which the runoff coefficient continued to increase despite the general re-greening of the Sahel. This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on the drivers of these paradoxical behaviors, focusing on recent works in the West African Sahelo/Sudanian strip, and upscaling the hydrological processes through an analysis of recent data from two representative areas of this region. This paper helps better determine the respective roles played by Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC), the evolution of rainfall intensity and the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in these hydrological paradoxes. Both the literature review and recent data converge in indicating that the first Sahelian hydrological paradox was mostly driven by LULCC, while the second paradox has been caused by both LULCC and climate evolution, mainly the recent increase in rainfall intensity.
Keywords
- Sahel
- land use/land cover changes
- water holding capacity
- climate change
- hydrological paradox
- re-greening
