Co-existence of malnutrition and sarcopenia and its related factors in a long-term nursing care facility: A cross-sectional study
Noriko Bando,
Naomi Nakayama,
Kaori Kashiwa,
Rena Horike,
Asaka Fujimoto,
Mitsuharu Egawa,
Munehiro Adachi,
Hisae Saji,
Beni Kira,
Kentaro Nakayama,
Akira Okayama,
Satoru Katayama
Affiliations
Noriko Bando
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan; Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Naomi Nakayama
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan; Corresponding author. Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, 5, Kurooka, Tanbasasayama, Hyogo, 669, Japan.
Kaori Kashiwa
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Center for Medical Education, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
Rena Horike
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Nursing Care Service Division, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Asaka Fujimoto
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Nursing Care Service Division, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Mitsuharu Egawa
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Nursing Care Service Division, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Munehiro Adachi
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Nursing Care Service Division, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Hisae Saji
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Beni Kira
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan; Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Kentaro Nakayama
Nagoya City University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 467-8602, Nagoya, Japan
Akira Okayama
Japan Community Health Care Organization Kobe Central Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Kobe, Japan
Satoru Katayama
Hyogo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sasayama Medical Center, Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Tanbasasayama 669-2321, Japan
Objectives: Malnutrition and sarcopenia often co-exist in older patients. This condition, called co-MS, shows a worse prognosis than either condition alone but is often overlooked and undertreated. We aimed to clarify the prevalence of co-MS and its associated factors with a focus on prescription in a long-term nursing care facility in Japan. Methods: Patients aged >65 years who resided in a long-term nursing care facility in Hyogo, Japan, were recruited for this cross-sectional study, which was conducted from July 1 to July 30, 2022. Sarcopenia and malnutrition were diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, respectively. Patients who met both criteria were classified as having co-MS. Potentially associated factors, including age, sex, length of stay, activities of daily living, comorbidity, oral function and hygiene, swallowing ability, and the number and type of prescriptions, were assessed. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 92 % (72/78). All malnourished patients were sarcopenic (40.3 %) and were classified as having co-MS. Oral function and hygiene, swallowing ability, comorbidity, and the presence of potentially inappropriate medications showed significant associations in univariate analyses. Of particular note, potentially inappropriate medication was an independent factor in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Co-MS is prevalent in long-term nursing care facilities; thus, healthcare workers should pay attention to relevant factors to identify patients at risk of co-MS and to provide appropriate care and intervention.
