The Electroencephalographic Evolution of Electrical Status: Is it Possible to Diagnosis ESES from 180 Seconds of Sleep?

Abstract

Purpose: Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) is an electroclinical syndrome with a specific electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern characterized by epileptic seizures, cognitive decline, and behavioral problems. The EEG pattern is defined by the percentage of the spike-wave index (SWI) in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without a clear cut-off value. The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of SWI calculation in the first 180 s of the NREM sleep stage. Methods: Patients with tonic seizures and those with SWI levels of 85, with sensitivity of 81.2%, and specificity of 73.3% (+PV: 94.5%, −PV: 40.7%; AUC ± SE = 0.850 ± 0.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Evaluating EEG epileptiform activities with objective and reproducible well-defined measurements such as SWP and SF allows for the comparison of different patient groups. We think that a shorter method for diagnosing ESES would potentially provide increased cost savings and patient comfort.

Keywords

• continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep
• electrical status epilepticus in sleep
• electroencephalogram
• spike frequency
• spike-wave index
• spike-wave index percentage