Exploring social problem-solving profiles among Hungarian high school and university students

Abstract

Treating social problem-solving as a construct comprised of a number of components enables us to examine patterns formed by the components. However, variable-centered research has paid little attention to exploring these patterns to date. A person-centered approach may enable us to identify distinct profiles for groups. Our study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to establish homogeneous profiles for groups based on social problem-solving factors (positive and negative orientation, rationality, impulsivity, and avoidance). Furthermore, the study sought to explore whether there is any difference among these groups regarding self-efficacy, a fundamental component of social problem-solving. We used cluster analysis to examine social problem-solving and self-efficacy among 543 Hungarian secondary school students and 277 Hungarian university students. We identified three homogeneous groups that had shared characteristics in the two age samples (optimistic–hasty; optimistic–reflective; resigned–procrastinator). Four further groups were identified among adolescents (resigned–distancer; insecure–reflective; insecure–hasty; resigned–brooder); and an additional three among young adults (optimistic–modest; tense–hasty; tense–reflective). The relationships among the social problem-solving factors and self-efficacy differed among the profiles. Taking into account the profiles explored in this study may help identify groups that need improvement, and contribute to interventions being better suited to the needs of a particular group.

Keywords

• Social problem-solving
• Self-efficacy
• Person-centered approach
• Adolescents
• Young adults