Social insecurity indicators: ethnoregional specifics in Kalmykia, Buryatia and Tuva

Abstract

The article examines indicators of social insecurity in three regions of Russia — Kalmykia, Buryatia and Tuva, where the population are majority Buddhist and involved cattle breeding. Currently, these regions are suffering from economic depression, and for many years have experienced a difficult socio-economic situation. For its sources, the article relies on the official statistics for these regions (as of 2017). The population of Kalmykia continues to decline, primarily as a result of migration outflows, while the population of Buryatia and Tuva is increasing due to high birth rates. However, the positive dynamics of the population is complicated by the high mortality rate of the working age population, low life expectancy (in Tuva) and migration outflows (Buryatia). In terms of socio-economic indicators, Kalmykia and Tuva are similar in their levels of unemployment and the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. According to these criteria, both republics are among the poorest constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. In Buryatia, the situation is slightly better; however, its social and economic situation is still far from favorable. We may conclude that problems of Kalmykia, Buryatia and Tuva are revealed in different indicators of social insecurity and, accordingly, require different managerial approaches to resolve them.

Keywords

• ссоциальное неблагополучие
• индикатор
• индикатор социального неблагополучия
• Калмыкия
• Бурятия
• Тува
• экономика
• демография
• миграция
• безработица
• преступность