Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs
Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi,
Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño,
Jog Raj,
Marko Vasiljević,
Sher Ali,
Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho,
Fernando Silva Ramalho,
Carlos Humberto Corassin,
Giovana Fumes Ghantous,
Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
Affiliations
Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño
Department of Agriculture and Food Supply of the São Paulo State, Institute of Animal Science and Pastures, Nova Odessa 13460-000, SP, Brazil
Jog Raj
Patent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, Serbia
Marko Vasiljević
Patent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, Serbia
Sher Ali
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
Fernando Silva Ramalho
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
Carlos Humberto Corassin
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Giovana Fumes Ghantous
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Mycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs: sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels of nearly 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (N = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5 kg/ton, MTX + OMC 3.0 kg/ton, MTX + MMDA 1.5 kg/ton, and MTX + MMDA 3.0 kg/ton), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and MMDA ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and MMDA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations.
