The Human Kinome: Its Role and Importance in Cancer and the Associated Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Background and Objective: Kinome refers to the complete set of protein kinases encoded in the genome. The most common type of post-translational modification is phosphorylation, with more than two-thirds of all human encoded proteins being phosphorylated by protein kinases. Phosphorylation as an important regulatory factor in the activity of proteins greatly expands the flexibility of the epigenome. Thus, protein kinases often promote cell proliferation, survival, and migration by participating in intracellular pathways and are associated with carcinogenesis when overexpressed or activated. The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of kinase enzymes in causing cancer and to investigate their potential as drugs in the treatment of various types of cancer. Methods: In this review, by searching Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases, articles published between 2010 and 2022 were selected and analyzed using the keywords "cancer, human kinome, kinase and kinase inhibitor". Findings: 64 articles were selected according to the research topic and 11 articles were excluded due to the lack of relation to the main keywords. In this study, the role of kinases in cell proliferation and human cancers has been investigated, and kinase inhibitors in combination with other common treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can be mentioned as a new and promising approach in cancer treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, kinases are known as one of the most important components of cell growth and proliferation, so that they play an important role in the cancer process with excessive activity. This study shows that controlling and inhibiting the kinase family to overcome cancer cell growth has good benefits.

Keywords

• human kinome
• kinase
• post translational modifications
• cancer
• kinase inhibitor.