Research progress on extracellular vesicles and bone regeneration

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayers secreted by a variety of cells that contain nucleic acids, pro⁃ teins, etc. They can be used as a carrier for cell⁃to⁃cell communication. In related research on bone regeneration, mecha⁃ nisms for transmitting regeneration signals to target cells to achieve the desired goal of osteogenesis have become one of the most important and unsolved topics. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role of mesenchymal stem cells and EVs derived from osteoblasts in bone regeneration in four processes, immunity, angiogenesis, osteogenesis and mineral⁃ ization, and to provide new ideas for basic and clinical research.

Keywords

• Extracellular vesicles，
• Exosomes，
• Matrix vesicles，
• Mesenchymal stem cell，
• Bone regeneration，
• Angiogenesis，
• Mineralization，