Mathematics (Jul 2024)

Quasi-Analytical Solution of Kepler’s Equation as an Explicit Function of Time

  • A. N. Beloiarov,
  • V. A. Beloiarov,
  • R. C. Cruz-Gómez,
  • C. O. Monzón,
  • J. L. Romero

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/math12132108
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 13
p. 2108

Abstract

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Although Kepler’s laws can be empirically proven by applying Newton’s laws to the dynamics of two particles attracted by gravitational interaction, an explicit formula for the motion as a function of time remains undefined. This paper proposes a quasi-analytical solution to address this challenge. It approximates the real dynamics of celestial bodies with a satisfactory degree of accuracy and minimal computational cost. This problem is closely related to Kepler’s equation, as solving the equations of motion as a function of time also provides a solution to Kepler’s equation. The results are presented for each planet of the solar system, including Pluto, and the solution is compared against real orbits.

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