Association Between Natural Hair Color, Race, and Alopecia

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Limited epidemiologic data has suggested direct associations between hair pigment, race, and incidence of alopecia areata (AA). Here, we examine the relationship between natural hair color, race, and the lifetime risk alopecia. Methods In this case–control study, we included UK Biobank patients of all races and self-reported hair color with diagnoses of AA, androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or scarring alopecia (SA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to detect differences in lifetime risk. Results Findings reveal a significantly increased risk of AA among individuals with black hair compared to dark brown hair (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.22–2.38], p < 0.001). Those with red or blonde hair showed a decreased risk of AA (0.74 [0.56–0.97]; 0.62 [0.41–0.95], p < 0.05). No racial differences in AA prevalence were observed among individuals with black hair. Conclusions Darker hair colors may be associated with a higher risk of AA, lighter hair colors with a lower risk, and differences in hair color could contribute to previously noted racial variations in AA incidence, potentially influencing dermatologists’ perspectives on the disease’s epidemiology.

Keywords

• Hair pigmentation
• Pigmentation biology
• Alopecia areata
• Androgenetic alopecia
• Scarring alopecia
• Autoinflammation