Balkan Medical Journal (Jul 2024)

Clinical, Demographic, and Radiological Characteristics of Patients Demonstrating Antibodies Against Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein

  • Sümeyye Koç,
  • Sedat Şen,
  • Yüksel Terzi,
  • Ferah Kızılay,
  • Serkan Demir,
  • Dürdane Bekar Aksoy,
  • Fatma Kurtuluş,
  • Nuray Bilge,
  • Egemen Idilman,
  • Cihat Uzunköprü,
  • Serdal Güngör,
  • Vedat Çilingir,
  • Özlem Ethemoğlu,
  • Cavit Boz,
  • Haluk Gümüş,
  • Ahmet Kasım Kılıç,
  • Ayşin Kısabay,
  • Levent Sinan Bir,
  • Ömer Faruk Turan,
  • Aysun Soysal,
  • Mesrure Köseoğlu,
  • Gülnur Tekgöl Uzuner,
  • Hasan Bayındır,
  • Sibel Canbaz Kabay,
  • Mustafa Çam,
  • Vildan Yayla,
  • Hüseyin Tan,
  • Abdülcemal Özcan,
  • Özlem Taşkapıoğlu,
  • Muammer Korkmaz,
  • Yusuf Tamam,
  • Yılmaz İnanç,
  • Hüsnü Efendi,
  • Dilcan Kotan,
  • Mehmet Fatih Yetkin,
  • Adnan Burak Bilgiç,
  • Hikmet Saçmacı,
  • Serpil Demirci,
  • Yahya Çelik,
  • Turan Poyraz,
  • Murat Terzi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-1-97
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 41, no. 4
pp. 272 – 279

Abstract

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Background: Optic neuritis, myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (anti-MOG-IgG). Furthermore, patients with radiological and demographic features atypical for multiple sclerosis (MS) with optic neuritis and myelitis also demonstrate antibodies against aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG-IgG. However, data on the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis in patients with anti-MOG-IgG are limited. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics of patients with anti-MOG-IgG. Study Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Methods: Patients with blood samples demonstrating anti-MOG-IgG that had been evaluated at the Neuroimmunology laboratory at Ondokuz Mayıs University’s Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Results: Of the 104 patients with anti-MOG-IgG, 56.7% were women and 43.3% were men. Approximately 2.4% of the patients were diagnosed with MS, 15.8% with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 39.4% with NMOSD, 31.3% with isolated optic neuritis, and 11.1% with isolated myelitis. Approximately 53.1% of patients with spinal involvement at clinical onset demonstrated a clinical course of NMOSD. Thereafter, 8.8% of these patients demonstrated a clinical course similar to MS and ADEM, and 28.1% demonstrated a clinical course of isolated myelitis. The response to acute attack treatment was lower and the disability was higher in patients aged > 40 years than patients aged < 40 years at clinical onset. Oligoclonal band was detected in 15.5% of the patients. Conclusion: For patients with NMOSD and without anti-NMO antibodies, the diagnosis is supported by the presence of anti-MOG-IgG. Furthermore, advanced age at clinical onset, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at clinical onset, spinal cord involvement, and number of attacks may be negative prognostic factors in patients with anti-MOG-IgG.