Highly Sensitive Detection of the Insecticide Azamethiphos by Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Abstract

Azamethiphos (AZA) is an insecticide and neurotoxic agent that causes the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is a vital enzyme for neurotransmission because it metabolizes acetylcholine neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft and terminates synaptic transmission. It is worth mentioning that organophosphates and carbamates inhibit AChE. These AChE inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme and inactivate it, leading to paralysis and death. Herein, for the first time, we develop a sensitive, low-cost, and rapid electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) system for the detection of AZA. The designed ECL sensor was applied for the highly sensitive detection of AZA with a wide dynamic range (from 0.1 μM to 1000 μM) and low detection limit of 0.07 μM (S/N = 3). The practical utility of the sensor demonstrates high recoveries (96–102%) in real samples of lake water and wastewater.

Keywords

• insecticide
• azamethiphos
• tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)
• electrogenerated chemiluminescence
• inhibitor