Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия Акмеология образования: Психология развития (Mar 2022)
Orientations in difficult situations of providing assistance according to the type of the individual’s attitudes towards helping behaviour
Abstract
The research on helping behaviour in difficult situations is of relevance due to the increase in the difficulty of situations of providing assistance. Another factor that makes the problem relevant is the decrease in the individual’s social activity aimed at helping others. The purpose of the study is to identify the correlation between the degree of orientations in difficult situations of providing assistance and the type of the personality’s attitude towards helping behaviour. Hypothesis: the regulation of orientations towards rapprochement and distancing from difficult situations of providing assistance involves the individual’s attitude towards helping behaviour. The study has been carried out on a sample of graduates of the specialists’ degree and residency programmes of Izhevsk State Medical Academy (N=260) aged 22 to 55 years old (Me = 25), including 70% (182 people) of women and 30% (78 people) of men. The author has used the following psychodiagnostic tools: “Methodology for Measuring Altruistic Attitudes” (M. I. Yasin) aimed at identifying attitudes towards assistance; questionnaire “Types of Orientations in Diffi cult Situations” (E. V. Bityutskaya, A. A. Korneev) aimed at identifying orientations in difficult situations of providing assistance. Evidently, there are four types of attitudes towards helping behaviour based on the selection of the altruistic attitude components and their correlation. The article reveals peculiar ways in which the individual’s attitude towards helping behaviour infl uences the regulation of orientations in difficult situations of providing assistance. Thus, the attitude towards the “true altruism” determines rapprochement with difficult situations of providing assistance in order to obtain positive emotions and self-improvement. “Pragmatic-assistance attitude” causes rapprochement with difficult situations of providing assistance in order to obtain benefits. “Avoiding-helping-others attitude” determines episodic rapprochement with diffi cult situations of providing assistance in order to comply with pro-social norms, and “inactive-egocentrism attitude” causes distancing from difficult situations of providing assistance in order to conserve the resources. The theoretical value of the study is determined by enriching the dispositional concept of V. A. Yadov, whereas in the applied aspect, the results of the study can be used in practice of a psychologist in order to form a helping personality behaviour in socially significant fields of activity.
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