Therapeutic effect of oral insulin-chitosan nanobeads pectin-dextrin shell on streptozotocin-diabetic male albino rats
Hanaa Ramadan,
Nadia Moustafa,
Rasha Rashad Ahmed,
Ahmed A.G. El-Shahawy,
Zienab E. Eldin,
Suhailah S. Al-Jameel,
Kamal Adel Amin,
Osama M. Ahmed,
Manal Abdul-Hamid
Affiliations
Hanaa Ramadan
Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Nadia Moustafa
Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Rasha Rashad Ahmed
Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Ahmed A.G. El-Shahawy
Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef 12827, Egypt
Zienab E. Eldin
Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef 12827, Egypt
Suhailah S. Al-Jameel
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Kamal Adel Amin
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Corresponding author. Histology and Cell Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Salah Salem St., 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
The current study inspects the therapeutic effects of orally ingested insulin-loaded chitosan nanobeads (INS-CsNBs) with a pectin-dextrin (PD) coating on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. The study also assessed antioxidant effects in pancreatic tissue homogenate, insulin, C-peptide, and inflammatory markers interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 (IL-1β and IL-6) in serum. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of insulin granules, oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB P65), and sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) protein detection, as well as gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in pancreatic tissue were investigated. After induction of diabetes with STZ, rats were allocated into 6 groups: the normal control (C), the diabetic control (D), and the diabetic groups treated with INS-CsNBs coated with PD shell (50 IU/kg) (NF), free oral insulin (10 IU/kg) (FO), CsNBs-PD shell (50 IU/kg) (NB), and subcutaneous insulin (10 IU/kg) (Sc). The rats were treated daily for four weeks. Treatment of diabetic rats with INS-CsNBs coated with PD shell resulted in a significant improvement in blood glucose levels, elevated antioxidant activities, decreased NF-κB P65, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, upregulated Nrf-2 and HO-1, in addition to a marked improvement in the histological architecture and integrity compared to the diabetic group. The effects of oral INS-CsNBs administration were comparable to those of subcutaneous insulin. In conclusion, oral administration of INS-loaded Cs-NBs with a pectin-dextrin shell demonstrated an ameliorative effect on STZ-induced diabetes, avoiding the drawbacks of subcutaneous insulin.
