Pictorial review of the post-operative cranium

Abstract

Imaging evaluation of the brain and cranium after cranial surgery is a routine and significant part of the workflow of a radiology department. Various normal expected findings and early and late complications are associated with the post-operative cranium. In this pictorial review, the authors describe the typical imaging features of the spectrum of various conditions associated with cranial surgery with illustrative cases. Contribution: A good knowledge and understanding of the spectrum of imaging appearances in the post-operative cranium is vital for the radiologist to accurately diagnose potential complications and distinguish them from normal post-operative findings, improving patient outcomes and guiding further treatment.

Keywords

• cranium
• craniotomy
• craniectomy
• complications
• post-operative
• trephine syndrome
• tension pneumocephalus
• paradoxical herniation