ASSESSING UNSTABLE SHADOW EMPLOYMENT AND ITS KEY CHARACTERISTICS (illustrated by surveying employees and employers of Moscow organizations)

Abstract

The article deals with an acute problem of informal employment in Moscow, which provides an opportunity to see a real situation with regard to respondents' and experts' opinion. The author identifies forms and types of shadow employment, shows its reasons and direct and indirect signs. She researches the involvement of workers in settlement of the problem by official employment and difficulties encountered by employers in case of 'grey scheme' application. The article analyzes the shift to new systems of payment as a possible way of reducing the level of informal employment.

Keywords

• informal employment
• unstable employment
• shadow employment