Rural Residence and Antihypertensive Medication Use in US Stroke Survivors

Abstract

Background Relatively greater increases in hypertension prevalence among US rural residents may contribute to geographic disparities in recurrent stroke. There is limited US information on poststroke antihypertensive medication use by rural/urban residence. We assessed antihypertensive use and lifestyle characteristics for US rural compared with urban stroke survivors and residence‐based trends in use between 2005 and 2019. Methods and Results US stroke survivors with hypertension were identified in the 2005 to 2019 national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. We ascertained the survey‐weighted prevalence of reported antihypertensive use and lifestyle characteristics (ie, physical activity, diabetes, cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking) among respondents with hypertension in odd years over this period by rural/urban residence. Separate trend analyses were used to detect changes in use over time. Survey‐weighted logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted (sociodemographic and lifestyle factors) odds ratios for antihypertensive use by year. Our study included 82 175 individuals (36.4% rural residents). Lifestyle characteristics were similar between rural and urban residents except for higher smoking prevalence among rural residents. Antihypertensive use was similar between rural and urban stroke survivors in unadjusted and adjusted analyses (>90% in both populations). Trend analyses showed a small but significant increase in antihypertensive use over time among urban (P=0.033) but not rural stroke survivors (P=0.587). Conclusions Our findings indicate that poststroke antihypertensive use is comparable in rural and urban residents with a reported history of hypertension, but additional work is merited to identify reasons for a trend for increased use of these drugs among urban residents.

Keywords

• hypertension, secondary prevention
• rural/urban
• stroke